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nonebot2/website/docs/best-practice/alconna/uniseg/README.md
2025-04-16 17:19:38 +08:00

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# 通用消息组件
`uniseg` 模块属于 `nonebot-plugin-alconna` 的子插件。
通用消息组件内容较多,故分为了一个示例以及数个专题。
## 示例
### 导入
一般情况下,你只需要从 `nonebot_plugin_alconna.uniseg` 中导入 `UniMessage` 即可:
```python
from nonebot_plugin_alconna.uniseg import UniMessage
```
### 构建
你可以通过 `UniMessage` 上的快捷方法来链式构造消息:
```python
message = (
UniMessage.text("hello world")
.at("1234567890")
.image(url="https://example.com/image.png")
)
```
也可以通过导入通用消息段来构建消息:
```python
from nonebot_plugin_alconna import Text, At, Image, UniMessage
message = UniMessage(
[
Text("hello world"),
At("user", "1234567890"),
Image(url="https://example.com/image.png"),
]
)
```
更深入一点,比如你想要发送一条包含多个按钮的消息,你可以这样做:
```python
from nonebot_plugin_alconna import Button, UniMessage
message = (
UniMessage.text("hello world")
.keyboard(
Button("link1", url="https://example.com/1"),
Button("link2", url="https://example.com/2"),
Button("link3", url="https://example.com/3"),
row=3,
)
)
```
### 发送
你可以通过 `.send` 方法来发送消息:
```python
@matcher.handle()
async def _():
message = UniMessage.text("hello world").image(url="https://example.com/image.png")
await message.send()
# 类似于 `matcher.finish`
await message.finish()
```
你可以通过参数来让消息 @ 发送者:
```python
@matcher.handle()
async def _():
message = UniMessage.text("hello world").image(url="https://example.com/image.png")
await message.send(at_sender=True)
```
或者回复消息:
```python
@matcher.handle()
async def _():
message = UniMessage.text("hello world").image(url="https://example.com/image.png")
await message.send(reply_to=True)
```
### 撤回,编辑,表态
你可以通过 `message_recall`, `message_edit``message_reaction` 方法来撤回,编辑和表态消息事件。
```python
from nonebot_plugin_alconna import message_recall, message_edit, message_reaction
@matcher.handle()
async def _():
await message_edit(UniMessage.text("hello world"))
await message_reaction("👍")
await message_recall()
```
你也可以对你自己发送的消息进行撤回,编辑和表态:
```python
@matcher.handle()
async def _():
message = UniMessage.text("hello world").image(url="https://example.com/image.png")
receipt = await message.send()
await receipt.edit(UniMessage.text("hello world!"))
await receipt.reaction("👍")
await receipt.recall(delay=5) # 5秒后撤回
```
### 处理消息
通过依赖注入,你可以在事件处理器中获取通用消息:
```python
from nonebot_plugin_alconna import UniMsg
@matcher.handle()
async def _(msg: UniMsg):
...
```
然后你可以通过 `UniMessage` 的方法来处理消息.
例如,你想知道消息中是否包含图片,你可以这样做:
```python
ans1 = Image in message
ans2 = message.has(Image)
ans3 = message.only(Image)
```
或者,提取所有的图片:
```python
imgs_1 = message[Image]
imgs_2 = message.get(Image)
imgs_3 = message.include(Image)
imgs_4 = message.select(Image)
imgs_5 = message.filter(lambda x: x.type == "image")
imgs_6 = message.tranform({"image": True})
```
而后,如果你想提取出所有的图片链接,你可以这样做:
```python
urls = imgs.map(lambda x: x.url)
```
如果你想知道消息是否符合某个前缀,你可以这样做:
```python
@matcher.handle()
async def _(msg: UniMsg):
if msg.startswith("hello"):
await matcher.finish("hello world")
else:
await matcher.finish("not hello world")
```
或者你想接着去除掉前缀:
```python
@matcher.handle()
async def _(msg: UniMsg):
if msg.startswith("hello"):
msg = msg.removeprefix("hello")
await matcher.finish(msg)
else:
await matcher.finish("not hello world")
```
### 持久化
假设你在编写一个词库查询插件,你可以通过 `UniMessage.dump` 方法来将消息序列化为 JSON 格式:
```python
from nonebot_plugin_alconna import UniMsg
@matcher.handle()
async def _(msg: UniMsg):
data: list[dict] = msg.dump()
# 你可以将 data 存储到数据库或者 JSON 文件中
```
而后你可以通过 `UniMessage.load` 方法来将 JSON 格式的消息反序列化为 `UniMessage` 对象:
```python
from nonebot_plugin_alconna import UniMessage
@matcher.handle()
async def _():
data = [
{"type": "text", "text": "hello world"},
{"type": "image", "url": "https://example.com/image.png"},
]
message = UniMessage.load(data)
```