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			223 lines
		
	
	
		
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			223 lines
		
	
	
		
			7.1 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
---
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sidebar_position: 2
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description: 消息段
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---
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# 通用消息段
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通用消息段是对各适配器中的消息段的抽象总结。其可用于 Alconna 命令的参数定义,也可用于消息的构建和解析。
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```python
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from nonebot_plugin_alconna import Alconna, Args, Image, on_alconna
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meme = on_alconna(Alconna("make_meme", Args["name", str]["img", Image]))
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@meme.handle()
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async def _(img: Image):
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    ...
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```
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## 模型定义
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> **注意**: 本节的内容经过简化。实际情况以源码为准。
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```python
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class Segment:
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    """基类标注"""
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    @property
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    def type(self) -> str: ...
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    @property
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    def data(self) -> [str, Any]: ...
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    @property
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    def children(self) -> list["Segment"]: ...
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class Text(Segment):
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    """Text对象, 表示一类文本元素"""
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    text: str
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    styles: dict[tuple[int, int], list[str]]
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    def cover(self, text: str): ...
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    def mark(self, start: Optional[int] = None, end: Optional[int] = None, *styles: str): ...
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class At(Segment):
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    """At对象, 表示一类提醒某用户的元素"""
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    flag: Literal["user", "role", "channel"]
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    target: str
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    display: Optional[str]
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class AtAll(Segment):
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    """AtAll对象, 表示一类提醒所有人的元素"""
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    here: bool
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class Emoji(Segment):
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    """Emoji对象, 表示一类表情元素"""
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    id: str
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    name: Optional[str]
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class Media(Segment):
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    id: Optional[str]
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    url: Optional[str]
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    path: Optional[Union[str, Path]]
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    raw: Optional[Union[bytes, BytesIO]]
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    mimetype: Optional[str]
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    name: str
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    to_url: ClassVar[Optional[MediaToUrl]]
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class Image(Media):
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    """Image对象, 表示一类图片元素"""
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    width: Optional[int]
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    height: Optional[int]
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class Audio(Media):
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    """Audio对象, 表示一类音频元素"""
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    duration: Optional[float]
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class Voice(Media):
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    """Voice对象, 表示一类语音元素"""
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    duration: Optional[float]
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class Video(Media):
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    """Video对象, 表示一类视频元素"""
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    thumbnail: Optional[Image]
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    duration: Optional[float]
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class File(Media):
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    """File对象, 表示一类文件元素"""
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class Reply(Segment):
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    """Reply对象,表示一类回复消息"""
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    id: str
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    """此处不一定是消息ID,可能是其他ID,如消息序号等"""
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    msg: Optional[Union[Message, str]]
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    origin: Optional[Any]
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class Reference(Segment):
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    """Reference对象,表示一类引用消息。转发消息 (Forward) 也属于此类"""
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    id: Optional[str]
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    """此处不一定是消息ID,可能是其他ID,如消息序号等"""
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    children: List[Union[RefNode, CustomNode]]
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class Hyper(Segment):
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    """Hyper对象,表示一类超级消息。如卡片消息、ark消息、小程序等"""
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    format: Literal["xml", "json"]
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    raw: Optional[str]
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    content: Optional[Union[dict, list]]
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class Reference(Segment):
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    """Reference对象,表示一类引用消息。转发消息 (Forward) 也属于此类"""
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    id: Optional[str]
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    nodes: Sequence[Union[RefNode, CustomNode]]
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class Button(Segment):
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    """Button对象,表示一类按钮消息"""
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    flag: Literal["action", "link", "input", "enter"]
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    """
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    - 点击 action 类型的按钮时会触发一个关于 按钮回调 事件,该事件的 button 资源会包含上述 id
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    - 点击 link 类型的按钮时会打开一个链接或者小程序,该链接的地址为 `url`
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    - 点击 input 类型的按钮时会在用户的输入框中填充 `text`
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    - 点击 enter 类型的按钮时会直接发送 `text`
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    """
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    label: Union[str, Text]
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    """按钮上的文字"""
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    clicked_label: Optional[str]
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    """点击后按钮上的文字"""
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    id: Optional[str]
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    url: Optional[str]
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    text: Optional[str]
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    style: Optional[str]
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    """
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    仅建议使用下列值:primary, secondary, success, warning, danger, info, link, grey, blue
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    此处规定 `grey` 与 `secondary` 等同, `blue` 与 `primary` 等同
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    """
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    permission: Union[Literal["admin", "all"], list[At]] = "all"
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    """
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    - admin: 仅管理者可操作
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    - all: 所有人可操作
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    - list[At]: 指定用户/身份组可操作
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    """
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class Keyboard(Segment):
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    """Keyboard对象,表示一行按钮元素"""
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    id: Optional[str]
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    """此处一般用来表示模板id,特殊情况下可能表示例如 bot_appid 等"""
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    buttons: Optional[list[Button]]
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    row: Optional[int]
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    """当消息中只写有一个 Keyboard 时可根据此参数约定按钮组的列数"""
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class Other(Segment):
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    """其他 Segment"""
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    origin: MessageSegment
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class I18n(Segment):
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    """特殊的 Segment,用于 i18n 消息"""
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    item_or_scope: Union[LangItem, str]
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    type_: Optional[str] = None
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    def tp(self) -> UniMessageTemplate: ...
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```
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:::tip
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或许你注意到了 `Segment` 上有一个 `children` 属性。
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这是因为在 [`Satori`](https://satori.js.org/zh-CN/) 协议的规定下,一类元素可以用其子元素来代表一类兼容性消息
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(例如,qq 的商场表情在某些平台上可以用图片代替)。
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为此,本插件提供了 `select` 方法来表达 "命令中获取子元素" 的方法:
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```python
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from nonebot_plugin_alconna import Args, Image, Alconna, select
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from nonebot_plugin_alconna.builtins.uniseg.market_face import MarketFace
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# 表示这个指令需要的图片会在目标元素下进行搜索,将所有符合 Image 的元素选出来并将第一个作为结果
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alc1 = Alconna("make_meme", Args["name", str]["img", select(Image).first])  # 也可以使用 select(Image).nth(0)
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# 表示这个指令需要的图片要么直接是 Image 要么是在 MarketFace 元素内的 Image
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alc2 = Alconna("make_meme", Args["name", str]["img", [Image, select(Image).from_(MarketFace)]])
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```
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也可以参考通用消息的 [`嵌套提取`](./message.mdx#嵌套提取)
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:::
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## 自定义消息段
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`uniseg` 提供了部分方法来允许用户自定义 Segment 的序列化和反序列化:
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```python
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from dataclasses import dataclass
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from nonebot.adapters import Bot
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from nonebot.adapters import MessageSegment as BaseMessageSegment
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from nonebot.adapters.satori import Custom, Message, MessageSegment
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from nonebot_plugin_alconna.uniseg.builder import MessageBuilder
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from nonebot_plugin_alconna.uniseg.exporter import MessageExporter
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from nonebot_plugin_alconna.uniseg import Segment, custom_handler, custom_register
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@dataclass
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class MarketFace(Segment):
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    tabId: str
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    faceId: str
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    key: str
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@custom_register(MarketFace, "chronocat:marketface")
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def mfbuild(builder: MessageBuilder, seg: BaseMessageSegment):
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    if not isinstance(seg, Custom):
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        raise ValueError("MarketFace can only be built from Satori Message")
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    return MarketFace(**seg.data)(*builder.generate(seg.children))
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@custom_handler(MarketFace)
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async def mfexport(exporter: MessageExporter, seg: MarketFace, bot: Bot, fallback: bool):
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    if exporter.get_message_type() is Message:
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        return MessageSegment("chronocat:marketface", seg.data)(await exporter.export(seg.children, bot, fallback))
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```
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具体而言,你可以使用 `custom_register` 来增加一个从 MessageSegment 到 Segment 的处理方法;使用 `custom_handler` 来增加一个从 Segment 到 MessageSegment 的处理方法。
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