Read Python version from .tool-versions (#996)

## Summary
- read the Python version from an explicitly selected `.tool-versions`
file
- preserve `python-version` and existing `UV_PYTHON` precedence
- add parser, input, and workflow coverage and update documentation and
bundled action artifacts

## Validation
- `npm run all`
- `actionlint .github/workflows/test.yml`
- `uvx zizmor .github/workflows/test.yml`

Closes #983

Refs: pi-session 019ff01a-544c-79f3-8f73-a00132af39f5

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -234,6 +234,31 @@ jobs:
             exit 1
           fi
 
+  test-tool-versions-python-version:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Install versions from .tool-versions
+        id: setup-uv
+        uses: ./
+        with:
+          version-file: "__tests__/fixtures/.tool-versions"
+      - name: Verify Python version from .tool-versions
+        run: |
+          if [ "$UV_PYTHON" != "3.13.1t" ]; then
+            echo "Wrong UV_PYTHON: $UV_PYTHON"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          if [ "$PYTHON_VERSION" != "3.13.1t" ]; then
+            echo "Wrong python-version output: $PYTHON_VERSION"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          PYTHON_VERSION: ${{ steps.setup-uv.outputs.python-version }}
+
   test-malformed-pyproject-file-fallback:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
@@ -1126,6 +1151,7 @@ jobs:
       - test-from-working-directory-version
       - test-malformed-pyproject-file-fallback
       - test-version-file-version
+      - test-tool-versions-python-version
       - test-checksum
       - test-with-explicit-token
       - test-uvx

README.md

@@ -47,13 +47,13 @@ Have a look under [Advanced Configuration](#advanced-configuration) for detailed
     # The version of uv to install, e.g., "0.5.0", "latest", or "latest-known" (default: searches for version in config files, then latest)
     version: ""
 
-    # Path to a file containing the version of uv to install, e.g., uv.toml, pyproject.toml, .tool-versions, requirements.txt or uv.lock (default: searches uv.toml then pyproject.toml)
+    # Path to a file containing the version of uv to install, e.g., uv.toml, pyproject.toml, .tool-versions, requirements.txt or uv.lock. A selected .tool-versions file can also provide the Python version (default: searches uv.toml then pyproject.toml)
     version-file: ""
 
     # Resolution strategy when resolving version ranges: 'highest' or 'lowest'
     resolution-strategy: "highest"
 
-    # The version of Python to set UV_PYTHON to
+    # The version of Python to set UV_PYTHON to (overrides the Python version from .tool-versions)
     python-version: ""
 
     # Use uv venv to activate a venv ready to be used by later steps
@@ -144,7 +144,25 @@ Have a look under [Advanced Configuration](#advanced-configuration) for detailed
 
 You can use the input `python-version` to set the environment variable `UV_PYTHON` for the rest of your workflow
 
-This will override any python version specifications in `pyproject.toml` and `.python-version`
+This will override any python version specifications in `pyproject.toml`, `.python-version`, and
+an explicitly selected `.tool-versions` file.
+
+When `version-file` points to `.tool-versions`, its `python` entry is used if neither
+`python-version` nor `UV_PYTHON` is set:
+
+```text
+uv 0.12.3
+python 3.13
+```
+
+```yaml
+- uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
+  with:
+    version-file: ".tool-versions"
+```
+
+Only a single Python version is supported. Multiple fallback versions and the asdf `ref:`, `path:`,
+and `system` forms are ignored with a warning.
 
 ```yaml
 - name: Install the latest version of uv and set the python version to 3.13t

__tests__/fixtures/.tool-versions

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 uv 0.5.15
+python 3.13.1t

__tests__/utils/inputs.test.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ const ORIGINAL_HOME = process.env.HOME;
 const ORIGINAL_RUNNER_ENVIRONMENT = process.env.RUNNER_ENVIRONMENT;
 const ORIGINAL_RUNNER_TEMP = process.env.RUNNER_TEMP;
 const ORIGINAL_UV_CACHE_DIR = process.env.UV_CACHE_DIR;
+const ORIGINAL_UV_PYTHON = process.env.UV_PYTHON;
 const ORIGINAL_UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = process.env.UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR;
 
 const mockDebug = jest.fn();
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ function resetEnvironment(): void {
   delete process.env.RUNNER_ENVIRONMENT;
   delete process.env.RUNNER_TEMP;
   delete process.env.UV_CACHE_DIR;
+  delete process.env.UV_PYTHON;
   delete process.env.UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR;
 }
 
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@ function restoreEnvironment(): void {
   process.env.RUNNER_ENVIRONMENT = ORIGINAL_RUNNER_ENVIRONMENT;
   process.env.RUNNER_TEMP = ORIGINAL_RUNNER_TEMP;
   process.env.UV_CACHE_DIR = ORIGINAL_UV_CACHE_DIR;
+  process.env.UV_PYTHON = ORIGINAL_UV_PYTHON;
   process.env.UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = ORIGINAL_UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR;
 }
 
@@ -100,6 +103,52 @@ describe("loadInputs", () => {
     expect(inputs.resolutionStrategy).toBe("highest");
   });
 
+  it("uses the Python version from an explicitly selected .tool-versions file", () => {
+    mockInputs["working-directory"] = createTempProject({
+      ".tool-versions": "uv 0.12.3\npython 3.13.1t\n",
+    });
+    mockInputs["version-file"] = ".tool-versions";
+
+    const inputs = loadInputs();
+
+    expect(inputs.pythonVersion).toBe("3.13.1t");
+  });
+
+  it("prefers the python-version input over .tool-versions", () => {
+    mockInputs["working-directory"] = createTempProject({
+      ".tool-versions": "uv 0.12.3\npython 3.13\n",
+    });
+    mockInputs["version-file"] = ".tool-versions";
+    mockInputs["python-version"] = "3.12";
+
+    const inputs = loadInputs();
+
+    expect(inputs.pythonVersion).toBe("3.12");
+  });
+
+  it("preserves UV_PYTHON instead of overriding it from .tool-versions", () => {
+    mockInputs["working-directory"] = createTempProject({
+      ".tool-versions": "uv 0.12.3\npython 3.13\n",
+    });
+    mockInputs["version-file"] = ".tool-versions";
+    process.env.UV_PYTHON = "3.11";
+
+    const inputs = loadInputs();
+
+    expect(inputs.pythonVersion).toBe("");
+    expect(process.env.UV_PYTHON).toBe("3.11");
+  });
+
+  it("does not discover .tool-versions from the working directory", () => {
+    mockInputs["working-directory"] = createTempProject({
+      ".tool-versions": "uv 0.12.3\npython 3.13\n",
+    });
+
+    const inputs = loadInputs();
+
+    expect(inputs.pythonVersion).toBe("");
+  });
+
   it.each(["pull_request_target", "workflow_run", "release"])(
     "disables automatic caching for the %s event",
     (eventName) => {

__tests__/version/tool-versions-file.test.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ async function getVersionFromToolVersions(filePath: string) {
   return getUvVersionFromToolVersions(filePath);
 }
 
+async function getPythonVersionFromToolVersions(filePath: string) {
+  const module = await import("../../src/version/tool-versions-file");
+  return module.getPythonVersionFromToolVersions(filePath);
+}
+
 describe("getUvVersionFromToolVersions", () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     jest.resetModules();
@@ -61,8 +66,8 @@ describe("getUvVersionFromToolVersions", () => {
     expect(result).toBe("0.3.0");
   });
 
-  it("should skip commented lines", async () => {
+  it("should skip comments", async () => {
-    const fileContent = "# uv 0.1.0\npython 3.11.0\nuv 0.2.0";
+    const fileContent = "# uv 0.1.0\npython 3.11.0\nuv 0.2.0 # inline comment";
     mockReadFileSync.mockReturnValue(fileContent);
 
     const result = await getVersionFromToolVersions(".tool-versions");
@@ -121,3 +126,68 @@ describe("getUvVersionFromToolVersions", () => {
     );
   });
 });
+
+describe("getPythonVersionFromToolVersions", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.resetModules();
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it("should return version for a valid Python entry", async () => {
+    mockReadFileSync.mockReturnValue(
+      "nodejs 24.0.0\r\npython v3.13.1t # use free-threaded Python\r\nuv 0.12.3",
+    );
+
+    const result = await getPythonVersionFromToolVersions(".tool-versions");
+
+    expect(result).toBe("3.13.1t");
+  });
+
+  it("should return the first matching Python version", async () => {
+    mockReadFileSync.mockReturnValue("python 3.12\npython 3.13");
+
+    const result = await getPythonVersionFromToolVersions(".tool-versions");
+
+    expect(result).toBe("3.12");
+  });
+
+  it("should return undefined when no Python entry is found", async () => {
+    mockReadFileSync.mockReturnValue("uv 0.12.3\nnodejs 24.0.0");
+
+    const result = await getPythonVersionFromToolVersions(".tool-versions");
+
+    expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it("should warn and return undefined for multiple Python versions", async () => {
+    mockReadFileSync.mockReturnValue("python 3.13 3.12 system");
+
+    const result = await getPythonVersionFromToolVersions(".tool-versions");
+
+    expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(mockWarning).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "Multiple Python versions in .tool-versions are not supported. The Python entry will be ignored.",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it.each(["ref:main", "path:~/src/python", "system"])(
+    "should warn and return undefined for %s",
+    async (version) => {
+      mockReadFileSync.mockReturnValue(`python ${version}`);
+
+      const result = await getPythonVersionFromToolVersions(".tool-versions");
+
+      expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(mockWarning).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        `The Python version ${version} in .tool-versions is not supported. The Python entry will be ignored.`,
+      );
+    },
+  );
+
+  it("should return undefined for non-.tool-versions files", async () => {
+    const result = await getPythonVersionFromToolVersions(".python-version");
+
+    expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(mockReadFileSync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

action.yml

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ inputs:
     description: "The version of uv to install, e.g., `0.5.0`, `latest`, or `latest-known`. Defaults to the version in pyproject.toml or `latest`."
     default: ""
   version-file:
-    description: "Path to a file containing the version of uv to install, e.g., uv.toml, pyproject.toml, .tool-versions, requirements.txt or uv.lock. Defaults to searching for uv.toml and if not found pyproject.toml."
+    description: "Path to a file containing the version of uv to install, e.g., uv.toml, pyproject.toml, .tool-versions, requirements.txt or uv.lock. A selected .tool-versions file can also provide the Python version. Defaults to searching for uv.toml and if not found pyproject.toml."
     default: ""
   python-version:
-    description: "The version of Python to set UV_PYTHON to"
+    description: "The version of Python to set UV_PYTHON to. Overrides the Python version from .tool-versions."
     required: false
   activate-environment:
     description: "Use uv venv to activate a venv ready to be used by later steps. "

dist/save-cache/index.cjs

@@ -26998,7 +26998,7 @@ __export(save_cache_exports, {
   run: () => run
 });
 module.exports = __toCommonJS(save_cache_exports);
-var fs7 = __toESM(require("node:fs"), 1);
+var fs9 = __toESM(require("node:fs"), 1);
 
 // node_modules/@actions/core/lib/command.js
 var os = __toESM(require("os"), 1);
@@ -61845,10 +61845,54 @@ var STATE_UV_PATH = "uv-path";
 var STATE_UV_VERSION = "uv-version";
 
 // src/utils/inputs.ts
+var import_node_fs4 = __toESM(require("node:fs"), 1);
 var import_node_path = __toESM(require("node:path"), 1);
 
-// src/utils/config-file.ts
+// src/version/tool-versions-file.ts
 var import_node_fs2 = __toESM(require("node:fs"), 1);
+function getPythonVersionFromToolVersions(filePath) {
+  const versions = getToolVersions(filePath, "python");
+  if (versions === void 0 || versions.length === 0) {
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  if (versions.length > 1) {
+    warning(
+      "Multiple Python versions in .tool-versions are not supported. The Python entry will be ignored."
+    );
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  const version3 = stripVersionPrefix(versions[0]);
+  if (version3 === "system" || version3.startsWith("ref:") || version3.startsWith("path:")) {
+    warning(
+      `The Python version ${versions[0]} in .tool-versions is not supported. The Python entry will be ignored.`
+    );
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  return version3;
+}
+function getToolVersions(filePath, toolName) {
+  if (!filePath.endsWith(".tool-versions")) {
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  const fileContents = import_node_fs2.default.readFileSync(filePath, "utf8");
+  for (const line of fileContents.split("\n")) {
+    const content = line.split("#", 1)[0].trim();
+    if (content === "") {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const [tool, ...versions] = content.split(/\s+/);
+    if (tool === toolName) {
+      return versions;
+    }
+  }
+  return void 0;
+}
+function stripVersionPrefix(version3) {
+  return version3.startsWith("v") ? version3.slice(1) : version3;
+}
+
+// src/utils/config-file.ts
+var import_node_fs3 = __toESM(require("node:fs"), 1);
 
 // node_modules/smol-toml/dist/date.js
 var DATE_TIME_RE = /^(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2})?[T ]?(?:(\d{2}):\d{2}(?::\d{2}(?:\.\d+)?)?)?(Z|[-+]\d{2}:\d{2})?$/i;
@@ -62532,10 +62576,10 @@ function parse3(toml, { maxDepth = 1e3, integersAsBigInt } = {}) {
 
 // src/utils/config-file.ts
 function getConfigValueFromTomlFile(filePath, key) {
-  if (!import_node_fs2.default.existsSync(filePath) || !filePath.endsWith(".toml")) {
+  if (!import_node_fs3.default.existsSync(filePath) || !filePath.endsWith(".toml")) {
     return void 0;
   }
-  const fileContent = import_node_fs2.default.readFileSync(filePath, "utf-8");
+  const fileContent = import_node_fs3.default.readFileSync(filePath, "utf-8");
   return getConfigValueFromTomlContent(filePath, fileContent, key);
 }
 function getConfigValueFromTomlContent(filePath, fileContent, key) {
@@ -62555,7 +62599,7 @@ function loadInputs() {
   const workingDirectory = getInput("working-directory");
   const version3 = getInput("version");
   const versionFile = getVersionFile(workingDirectory);
-  const pythonVersion = getInput("python-version");
+  const pythonVersion = getPythonVersion(versionFile);
   const activateEnvironment = getBooleanInput("activate-environment");
   const noProject = getBooleanInput("no-project");
   const venvPath = getVenvPath(workingDirectory, activateEnvironment);
@@ -62621,6 +62665,26 @@ function getVersionFile(workingDirectory) {
   }
   return versionFileInput;
 }
+function getPythonVersion(versionFile) {
+  const pythonVersionInput = getInput("python-version");
+  if (pythonVersionInput !== "") {
+    return pythonVersionInput;
+  }
+  if (process.env.UV_PYTHON !== void 0 && process.env.UV_PYTHON !== "") {
+    return "";
+  }
+  if (versionFile === "" || !import_node_fs4.default.existsSync(versionFile)) {
+    return "";
+  }
+  try {
+    return getPythonVersionFromToolVersions(versionFile) ?? "";
+  } catch (err) {
+    warning2(
+      `Error while parsing Python version from ${versionFile}: ${err.message}`
+    );
+    return "";
+  }
+}
 function getVenvPath(workingDirectory, activateEnvironment) {
   const venvPathInput = getInput("venv-path");
   if (venvPathInput !== "") {
@@ -62864,7 +62928,7 @@ async function saveCache3(inputs) {
       await pruneCache();
     }
     const actualCachePath = getUvCachePath(inputs);
-    if (!fs7.existsSync(actualCachePath)) {
+    if (!fs9.existsSync(actualCachePath)) {
       if (inputs.ignoreNothingToCache) {
         info2(
           "No cacheable uv cache paths were found. Ignoring because ignore-nothing-to-cache is enabled."
@@ -62884,7 +62948,7 @@ async function saveCache3(inputs) {
     }
   }
   if (inputs.cachePython) {
-    if (!fs7.existsSync(inputs.pythonDir)) {
+    if (!fs9.existsSync(inputs.pythonDir)) {
       warning2(
         `Python cache path ${inputs.pythonDir} does not exist on disk. Skipping Python cache save because no managed Python installation was found. If you want uv to install managed Python instead of using a system interpreter, set UV_PYTHON_PREFERENCE=only-managed.`
       );

dist/setup/index.cjs

@@ -56054,7 +56054,7 @@ var require_semver5 = __commonJS({
 });
 
 // src/setup-uv.ts
-var import_node_fs8 = __toESM(require("node:fs"), 1);
+var import_node_fs9 = __toESM(require("node:fs"), 1);
 var path16 = __toESM(require("node:path"), 1);
 
 // node_modules/@actions/core/lib/command.js
@@ -98258,29 +98258,59 @@ function getUvVersionFromDependency(dependency) {
 // src/version/tool-versions-file.ts
 var import_node_fs4 = __toESM(require("node:fs"), 1);
 function getUvVersionFromToolVersions(filePath) {
-  if (!filePath.endsWith(".tool-versions")) {
+  const versions = getToolVersions(filePath, "uv");
+  if (versions === void 0 || versions.length !== 1) {
     return void 0;
   }
-  const fileContents = import_node_fs4.default.readFileSync(filePath, "utf8");
+  const version3 = stripVersionPrefix(versions[0]);
-  const lines = fileContents.split("\n");
+  if (version3.startsWith("ref")) {
-  for (const line of lines) {
-    if (line.trim().startsWith("#")) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    const match2 = line.match(/^\s*uv\s*v?\s*(?<version>[^\s]+)\s*$/);
-    if (match2) {
-      const matchedVersion = match2.groups?.version.trim();
-      if (matchedVersion?.startsWith("ref")) {
     warning(
       "The ref syntax of .tool-versions is not supported. Please use a released version instead."
     );
     return void 0;
   }
-      return matchedVersion;
+  return version3;
+}
+function getPythonVersionFromToolVersions(filePath) {
+  const versions = getToolVersions(filePath, "python");
+  if (versions === void 0 || versions.length === 0) {
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  if (versions.length > 1) {
+    warning(
+      "Multiple Python versions in .tool-versions are not supported. The Python entry will be ignored."
+    );
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  const version3 = stripVersionPrefix(versions[0]);
+  if (version3 === "system" || version3.startsWith("ref:") || version3.startsWith("path:")) {
+    warning(
+      `The Python version ${versions[0]} in .tool-versions is not supported. The Python entry will be ignored.`
+    );
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  return version3;
+}
+function getToolVersions(filePath, toolName) {
+  if (!filePath.endsWith(".tool-versions")) {
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  const fileContents = import_node_fs4.default.readFileSync(filePath, "utf8");
+  for (const line of fileContents.split("\n")) {
+    const content = line.split("#", 1)[0].trim();
+    if (content === "") {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const [tool, ...versions] = content.split(/\s+/);
+    if (tool === toolName) {
+      return versions;
     }
   }
   return void 0;
 }
+function stripVersionPrefix(version3) {
+  return version3.startsWith("v") ? version3.slice(1) : version3;
+}
 
 // src/version/uv-lock-file.ts
 var import_node_fs5 = __toESM(require("node:fs"), 1);
@@ -98734,12 +98764,13 @@ function getExtension(platform2) {
 }
 
 // src/utils/inputs.ts
+var import_node_fs8 = __toESM(require("node:fs"), 1);
 var import_node_path = __toESM(require("node:path"), 1);
 function loadInputs() {
   const workingDirectory = getInput("working-directory");
   const version3 = getInput("version");
   const versionFile = getVersionFile(workingDirectory);
-  const pythonVersion = getInput("python-version");
+  const pythonVersion = getPythonVersion(versionFile);
   const activateEnvironment2 = getBooleanInput("activate-environment");
   const noProject = getBooleanInput("no-project");
   const venvPath = getVenvPath(workingDirectory, activateEnvironment2);
@@ -98805,6 +98836,26 @@ function getVersionFile(workingDirectory) {
   }
   return versionFileInput;
 }
+function getPythonVersion(versionFile) {
+  const pythonVersionInput = getInput("python-version");
+  if (pythonVersionInput !== "") {
+    return pythonVersionInput;
+  }
+  if (process.env.UV_PYTHON !== void 0 && process.env.UV_PYTHON !== "") {
+    return "";
+  }
+  if (versionFile === "" || !import_node_fs8.default.existsSync(versionFile)) {
+    return "";
+  }
+  try {
+    return getPythonVersionFromToolVersions(versionFile) ?? "";
+  } catch (err) {
+    warning2(
+      `Error while parsing Python version from ${versionFile}: ${err.message}`
+    );
+    return "";
+  }
+}
 function getVenvPath(workingDirectory, activateEnvironment2) {
   const venvPathInput = getInput("venv-path");
   if (venvPathInput !== "") {
@@ -99018,7 +99069,7 @@ process.on("uncaughtException", (error2) => {
 process.on("unhandledRejection", (reason) => {
   failUnexpectedly("Unhandled promise rejection", reason);
 });
-async function getPythonVersion(inputs) {
+async function getPythonVersion2(inputs) {
   if (inputs.pythonVersion !== "") {
     return inputs.pythonVersion;
   }
@@ -99068,7 +99119,7 @@ async function run() {
     setOutput("uv-version", setupResult.version);
     saveState(STATE_UV_VERSION, setupResult.version);
     info2(`Successfully installed uv version ${setupResult.version}`);
-    const detectedPythonVersion = await getPythonVersion(inputs);
+    const detectedPythonVersion = await getPythonVersion2(inputs);
     setOutput("python-version", detectedPythonVersion);
     if (inputs.enableCache) {
       await restoreCache2(inputs, detectedPythonVersion);
@@ -99080,7 +99131,7 @@ async function run() {
   }
 }
 function detectEmptyWorkdir(inputs) {
-  if (import_node_fs8.default.readdirSync(inputs.workingDirectory).length === 0) {
+  if (import_node_fs9.default.readdirSync(inputs.workingDirectory).length === 0) {
     if (inputs.ignoreEmptyWorkdir) {
       info2(
         "Empty workdir detected. Ignoring because ignore-empty-workdir is enabled"

docs/advanced-version-configuration.md

@@ -85,7 +85,10 @@ You can use the `version-file` input to specify a file that contains the version
 This can either be a `pyproject.toml` or `uv.toml` file which defines a `required-version` or
 uv defined as a dependency in `pyproject.toml` or `requirements.txt`.
 
-[asdf](https://asdf-vm.com/) `.tool-versions` is also supported, but without the `ref` syntax.
+[asdf](https://asdf-vm.com/) `.tool-versions` is also supported for selecting uv. If neither
+`python-version` nor `UV_PYTHON` is set, the `python` entry from the selected file is also exported
+as `UV_PYTHON`. Only a single Python version is supported; multiple fallback versions and the asdf
+`ref:`, `path:`, and `system` forms are ignored with a warning.
 
 ```yaml
 - name: Install uv based on the version defined in pyproject.toml

docs/environment-and-tools.md

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ If you want to ignore this, set the `ignore-empty-workdir` input to `true`.
 
 This action sets several environment variables that influence uv's behavior and can be used by subsequent steps:
 
-- `UV_PYTHON`: Set when `python-version` input is specified. Controls which Python version uv uses.
+- `UV_PYTHON`: Set when `python-version` is specified or the selected `.tool-versions` file contains a supported `python` entry. Controls which Python version uv uses.
 - `UV_CACHE_DIR`: Set when caching is enabled (unless already configured in uv config files). Controls where uv stores its cache.
 - `UV_TOOL_DIR`: Set when `tool-dir` input is specified. Controls where uv installs tool environments.
 - `UV_TOOL_BIN_DIR`: Set when `tool-bin-dir` input is specified. Controls where uv installs tool binaries.
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ This action sets several environment variables that influence uv's behavior and
 
 - `UV_NO_MODIFY_PATH`: If set, prevents the action from modifying PATH. Cannot be used with `activate-environment`.
 - `UV_CACHE_DIR`: If already set, the action will respect it instead of setting its own cache directory.
+- `UV_PYTHON`: If already set and `python-version` is not specified, the action will respect it instead of using the `python` entry from `.tool-versions`.
 
 ```yaml
 - name: Example using environment variables

src/utils/inputs.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+import fs from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 import * as core from "@actions/core";
+import { getPythonVersionFromToolVersions } from "../version/tool-versions-file";
 import { getConfigValueFromTomlFile } from "./config-file";
 import * as log from "./logging";
 
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ export function loadInputs(): SetupInputs {
   const workingDirectory = core.getInput("working-directory");
   const version = core.getInput("version");
   const versionFile = getVersionFile(workingDirectory);
-  const pythonVersion = core.getInput("python-version");
+  const pythonVersion = getPythonVersion(versionFile);
   const activateEnvironment = core.getBooleanInput("activate-environment");
   const noProject = core.getBooleanInput("no-project");
   const venvPath = getVenvPath(workingDirectory, activateEnvironment);
@@ -122,6 +124,28 @@ function getVersionFile(workingDirectory: string): string {
   return versionFileInput;
 }
 
+function getPythonVersion(versionFile: string): string {
+  const pythonVersionInput = core.getInput("python-version");
+  if (pythonVersionInput !== "") {
+    return pythonVersionInput;
+  }
+  if (process.env.UV_PYTHON !== undefined && process.env.UV_PYTHON !== "") {
+    return "";
+  }
+  if (versionFile === "" || !fs.existsSync(versionFile)) {
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return getPythonVersionFromToolVersions(versionFile) ?? "";
+  } catch (err) {
+    log.warning(
+      `Error while parsing Python version from ${versionFile}: ${(err as Error).message}`,
+    );
+    return "";
+  }
+}
+
 function getVenvPath(
   workingDirectory: string,
   activateEnvironment: boolean,

src/version/tool-versions-file.ts

@@ -4,28 +4,72 @@ import * as core from "@actions/core";
 export function getUvVersionFromToolVersions(
   filePath: string,
 ): string | undefined {
-  if (!filePath.endsWith(".tool-versions")) {
+  const versions = getToolVersions(filePath, "uv");
+  if (versions === undefined || versions.length !== 1) {
     return undefined;
   }
-  const fileContents = fs.readFileSync(filePath, "utf8");
-  const lines = fileContents.split("\n");
 
-  for (const line of lines) {
+  const version = stripVersionPrefix(versions[0]);
-    // Skip commented lines
+  if (version.startsWith("ref")) {
-    if (line.trim().startsWith("#")) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    const match = line.match(/^\s*uv\s*v?\s*(?<version>[^\s]+)\s*$/);
-    if (match) {
-      const matchedVersion = match.groups?.version.trim();
-      if (matchedVersion?.startsWith("ref")) {
     core.warning(
       "The ref syntax of .tool-versions is not supported. Please use a released version instead.",
     );
     return undefined;
   }
-      return matchedVersion;
+  return version;
+}
+
+export function getPythonVersionFromToolVersions(
+  filePath: string,
+): string | undefined {
+  const versions = getToolVersions(filePath, "python");
+  if (versions === undefined || versions.length === 0) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  if (versions.length > 1) {
+    core.warning(
+      "Multiple Python versions in .tool-versions are not supported. The Python entry will be ignored.",
+    );
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const version = stripVersionPrefix(versions[0]);
+  if (
+    version === "system" ||
+    version.startsWith("ref:") ||
+    version.startsWith("path:")
+  ) {
+    core.warning(
+      `The Python version ${versions[0]} in .tool-versions is not supported. The Python entry will be ignored.`,
+    );
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  return version;
+}
+
+function getToolVersions(
+  filePath: string,
+  toolName: string,
+): string[] | undefined {
+  if (!filePath.endsWith(".tool-versions")) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const fileContents = fs.readFileSync(filePath, "utf8");
+
+  for (const line of fileContents.split("\n")) {
+    const content = line.split("#", 1)[0].trim();
+    if (content === "") {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const [tool, ...versions] = content.split(/\s+/);
+    if (tool === toolName) {
+      return versions;
     }
   }
   return undefined;
 }
+
+function stripVersionPrefix(version: string): string {
+  return version.startsWith("v") ? version.slice(1) : version;
+}