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* fix(workflows:check_exif): 修改exiftool命令仅检测敏感信息 * docs(EXIF): 添加 EXIF 的说明文档 * docs(GUIDE): 完善新手引导文档 * fix(workflows:check_exif): 修改diff计算方式 --------- Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Yueosa <172176062+Yueosa@users.noreply.github.com>
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📋 EXIF 是什么？/ What is EXIF?
简介 / Introduction
EXIF（Exchangeable Image File Format）是嵌入在图片文件中的一份"数字档案"。
每次你用手机或相机拍照，设备会自动把拍摄时的各种信息记录进去——包括你在哪里拍、用什么设备拍、什么时候拍。
EXIF (Exchangeable Image File Format) is a set of metadata embedded directly in your image file.
Every time you take a photo, your device silently records details about when, where, and how the shot was taken.
除了 EXIF 本身，图片还可能携带 IPTC、XMP 等元数据格式，同样能存储位置和个人信息。
Besides EXIF itself, images may also carry IPTC and XMP metadata, which can also store location and personal details.
🔴 高度敏感 / Highly Sensitive
这些字段会被本项目的工作流自动检测，发现即要求修正。
These fields are automatically detected by our CI workflow. A PR containing them will be asked to remove them.
| 字段 / Field | 说明 / Description |
|---|---|
GPS:GPSLatitude / GPS:GPSLongitude |
精确地理坐标，可定位到米级 / Precise coordinates, accurate to meters |
GPS:GPSAltitude |
海拔高度 / Altitude |
GPS:GPSDateStamp + GPS:GPSTimeStamp |
精确拍摄时刻（结合坐标可还原行踪）/ Exact timestamp combined with location can reveal your routine |
GPS:GPSSpeed / GPS:GPSTrack / GPS:GPSImgDirection |
移动速度、方向 / Movement speed and direction |
IPTC:City / IPTC:Country / IPTC:Sub-location / IPTC:Province-State |
文字形式的拍摄地址 / Textual shooting address |
XMP-photoshop:City / XMP-photoshop:Country / XMP-photoshop:State |
Photoshop/Lightroom 写入的地址 / Address written by Photoshop or Lightroom |
XMP-iptcCore:CreatorWorkEmail |
创作者工作邮箱 / Creator's work email |
XMP-iptcCore:CreatorWorkTelephone |
创作者电话 / Creator's phone number |
XMP-iptcCore:CreatorCity / CreatorCountry / CreatorPostalCode |
创作者通讯地址 / Creator's mailing address |
🟠 较敏感 / Moderately Sensitive
这些字段不会导致 PR 被拒，但建议留意——尤其是序列号类信息可以跨图片追踪到同一台设备。
These won't block your PR, but be aware — serial numbers in particular can link multiple photos back to the same device.
| 字段 / Field | 说明 / Description |
|---|---|
EXIF:BodySerialNumber / EXIF:CameraSerialNumber |
设备序列号，可跨图追踪 / Device serial number, linkable across photos |
EXIF:LensSerialNumber |
镜头序列号 / Lens serial number |
EXIF:Artist / XMP-dc:Creator |
拍摄者/创作者姓名 / Photographer's name |
MakerNotes:FaceName / XMP-mwg-rs:PersonInImageName |
相机人脸识别绑定的人名 / Face recognition tags with names |
🟡 低度敏感 / Low Sensitivity
通常对隐私影响较小，本项目不拦截，保留这些信息是可以接受的。
These generally carry low privacy risk and won't be flagged by our workflow.
| 字段 / Field | 说明 / Description |
|---|---|
EXIF:DateTimeOriginal |
拍摄时间（无位置时风险较低）/ Capture time (low risk without location) |
EXIF:Make / EXIF:Model |
相机/手机品牌型号 / Camera or phone brand and model |
EXIF:Software |
后期处理软件 / Post-processing software |
EXIF:FNumber / EXIF:ExposureTime / EXIF:ISO |
光圈、快门、感光度等摄影参数 / Photography parameters |
EXIF:Copyright |
版权声明 / Copyright notice |
🔍 如何自查 / How to Verify
提交前可用以下命令查看图片中是否残留高敏感信息：
Before submitting, run the following to check if any high-sensitivity data remains:
# 安装 exiftool / Install exiftool
# macOS: brew install exiftool
# Ubuntu: sudo apt install libimage-exiftool-perl
# Windows: https://exiftool.org/
# 检查单张图片 / Check a single image
exiftool -GPS:all -IPTC:City -IPTC:Country-PrimaryLocationName \
-XMP-photoshop:City -XMP-iptcCore:CreatorWorkEmail your_photo.jpg
# 若以上命令无任何输出，说明高敏感字段均已清除。
# If the command produces no output, all high-sensitivity fields have been removed.
完整清除所有元数据 / Strip all metadata
# 删除全部 EXIF/XMP/IPTC（最彻底）/ Remove all metadata (most thorough)
exiftool -all= -o cleaned_photo.jpg your_photo.jpg
📖 延伸阅读 / Further Reading
如果你对 EXIF 感兴趣，可以通过以下资源深入了解：
If you'd like to learn more about image metadata: