diff --git a/crates/index-scheduler/src/scheduler/process_snapshot_creation.rs b/crates/index-scheduler/src/scheduler/process_snapshot_creation.rs
index c8b1acfda..236f3a48b 100644
--- a/crates/index-scheduler/src/scheduler/process_snapshot_creation.rs
+++ b/crates/index-scheduler/src/scheduler/process_snapshot_creation.rs
@@ -268,10 +268,10 @@ impl IndexScheduler {
             s3_multipart_part_size,
         } = opts;
 
-        // TODO implement exponential backoff on upload requests: https://docs.rs/backoff
-        // TODO return a result with actual errors
-        let (reader, writer) = std::io::pipe()?;
         let must_stop_processing = self.scheduler.must_stop_processing.clone();
+        let retry_backoff = backoff::ExponentialBackoff::default();
+
+        let (reader, writer) = std::io::pipe()?;
         let uploader_task = tokio::spawn(async move {
             let reader = OwnedFd::from(reader);
             let reader = tokio::net::unix::pipe::Receiver::from_owned_fd(reader)?;
@@ -379,7 +379,24 @@ impl IndexScheduler {
 
                 let body = buffer.freeze();
                 tracing::trace!("Sending part {part_number}");
-                let task = tokio::spawn(client.put(url).body(body.clone()).send());
+                let task = tokio::spawn({
+                    let client = client.clone();
+                    let body = body.clone();
+                    backoff::future::retry(retry_backoff.clone(), move || {
+                        let client = client.clone();
+                        let url = url.clone();
+                        let body = body.clone();
+                        async move {
+                            match client.put(url).body(body).send().await {
+                                Ok(resp) if resp.status().is_client_error() => {
+                                    resp.error_for_status().map_err(backoff::Error::Permanent)
+                                }
+                                Ok(resp) => Ok(resp),
+                                Err(e) => Err(backoff::Error::transient(e)),
+                            }
+                        }
+                    })
+                });
                 in_flight.push_back((task, body));
             }
 
@@ -408,8 +425,24 @@ impl IndexScheduler {
                 etags.iter().map(AsRef::as_ref),
             );
             let url = action.sign(s3_signature_duration);
-            let resp =
-                client.post(url).body(action.body()).send().await.map_err(Error::S3HttpError)?;
+            let body = action.body();
+            let resp = backoff::future::retry(retry_backoff, move || {
+                let client = client.clone();
+                let url = url.clone();
+                let body = body.clone();
+                async move {
+                    match client.post(url).body(body).send().await {
+                        Ok(resp) if resp.status().is_client_error() => {
+                            resp.error_for_status().map_err(backoff::Error::Permanent)
+                        }
+                        Ok(resp) => Ok(resp),
+                        Err(e) => Err(backoff::Error::transient(e)),
+                    }
+                }
+            })
+            .await
+            .map_err(Error::S3HttpError)?;
+
             let status = resp.status();
             let body =
                 resp.text().await.map_err(|e| Error::S3Error { status, body: e.to_string() })?;